Lipatlisiso tsa kantle ho naha mabapi le lisebelisoa tse kopaneng tsa lipalangoang tsa literene li 'nile tsa tsoela pele ka nako e ka etsang halofo ea lekholo la lilemo.Leha tsoelo-pele e potlakileng ea lipalangoang tsa literene le seporo se lebelo le phahameng Chaena le ts'ebeliso ea lisebelisoa tse kopaneng tsa lapeng lebaleng lena li ntse li tsoela pele, fiber e matlafalitsoeng ea lisebelisoa tse kopaneng tse sebelisoang haholo lipalangoang tsa kantle ho naha ke fiber e ngata ea khalase, e fapaneng le eona. ea metsoako ea carbon faeba Chaena.Joalokaha ho boletsoe sehloohong sena, carbon fiber e ka tlase ho 10% ea lisebelisoa tse kopantsoeng bakeng sa 'mele o entsoeng ke TPI Composites Company,' me tse ling kaofela ke fiber ea khalase, kahoo e ka leka-lekanya litšenyehelo ha e ntse e netefatsa hore e bobebe.Tšebeliso e kholo ea carbon fiber e lebisa mathateng a litšenyehelo, kahoo e ka sebelisoa likarolong tse ling tsa bohlokoa tsa sebopeho tse kang bogies.
Ka lilemo tse fetang 50, Norplex-Micarta, moetsi oa metsoako ea thermosetting, o 'nile a e-ba le khoebo e tsitsitseng ea ho etsa thepa bakeng sa lipalangoang tsa literene, ho akarelletsa le literene, litsamaiso tsa ho qhoqhoa ha literene tse bobebe, le ho kenya motlakase bakeng sa liporo tse phahameng tsa motlakase.Empa kajeno, 'maraka oa k'hamphani o ntse o hola ho feta sebaka se batlang se le moqotetsane ho ea ho lits'ebetso tse ngata joalo ka mabota, marulelo le fatše.
Dustin Davis, motsamaisi oa nts'etsopele ea khoebo bakeng sa Norplex-Micarta, o lumela hore limmaraka tsa literene le tse ling tsa lipalangoang tse ngata li tla fana ka menyetla e eketsehileng bakeng sa k'hamphani ea hae, hammoho le bahlahisi ba bang ba kopaneng le bafani ba thepa lilemong tse tlang.Ho na le mabaka a 'maloa a kholo ena e lebelletsoeng, e' ngoe ea 'ona ke ho amoheloa ha Europe ha Tekanyetso ea Mollo EN 45545-2, e hlahisang litlhoko tse matla tsa ts'ireletso ea mollo, mosi le khase (FST) bakeng sa lipalangoang tse ngata.Ka ho sebelisa mekhoa ea phenolic resin, baetsi ba metsoako ba ka kenyelletsa thepa e hlokahalang ea ho sireletsa mollo le mosi lihlahisoa tsa bona.
Ho feta moo, batsamaisi ba libese, literene tse tsamaeang ka tlas'a lefatše le literene ba se ba qala ho hlokomela melemo ea lisebelisoa tse kopaneng ho fokotsa ho thothomela le lerata le cacophony.Davis o itse: "Haeba u kile ua ba tseleng e tsamaeang ka tlas'a lefatše 'me ua utloa tšepe e lla.Haeba phanele e entsoe ka lintho tse kopantsoeng, e tla khutsisa molumo 'me e etse hore terene e khutse."
Boima bo bobebe ba komporo e boetse e etsa hore e khahle ho basebelisi ba libese ba nang le thahasello ea ho fokotsa tšebeliso ea mafura le ho atolosa mefuta ea eona.Tlalehong ea Loetse 2018, feme ea lipatlisiso tsa mebaraka Lucintel e boletse esale pele hore 'maraka oa lefats'e oa lisebelisoa tse sebelisoang lipalangoang tse ngata le likoloi tse sa tsamaeeng tseleng o tla hola ka sekhahla sa selemo sa 4.6% lipakeng tsa 2018 le 2023, ka boleng bo ka bang $ 1 billion ka 2023. Menyetla e tla tsoa lits'ebetsong tse fapaneng, ho kenyeletsoa kantle, kahare, hood le likarolo tsa powertrain, le likarolo tsa motlakase.
Hona joale Norplex-Micarta e hlahisa likarolo tse ncha tse ntseng li lekoa liporong tsa literene tse bobebe United States.Ntle le moo, k'hamphani e ntse e tsoela pele ho tsepamisa maikutlo lits'ebetsong tsa motlakase tse nang le lisebelisoa tse tsoelang pele tsa fiber le ho li kopanya le lits'ebetso tsa ho folisa ka potlako."O ka fokotsa litšenyehelo, oa eketsa tlhahiso, 'me ua tlisa ts'ebetso e feletseng ea FST phenolic' marakeng," Davis o hlalositse.Le ha lisebelisoa tse kopaneng li ka ba theko e phahameng ho feta likarolo tse tšoanang tsa tšepe, Davis o re litšenyehelo ha se lebaka la kopo eo ba ithutang eona.
E bobebe ebile e thibela lelakabe
Ntlafatso ea likoloi tsa European rail operator Duetsche Bahn tsa 66 ICE-3 Express ke e 'ngoe ea bokhoni ba lisebelisoa tse kopaneng ho fihlela litlhoko tse ikhethang tsa bareki.Sistimi ea moea, sistimi ea boithabiso ea bapalami le litulo tse ncha li kentse boima bo sa hlokahaleng ho likoloi tsa terene tsa ICE-3.Ho phaella moo, fatše plywood ea pele ha ea ka ea finyella litekanyetso tse ncha tsa mollo oa Europe.Khampani e ne e hloka tharollo ea fatše ho thusa ho fokotsa boima ba 'mele le ho finyella litekanyetso tsa tšireletso ea mollo.Botebo bo bobebe bo kopantsoeng fatše ke karabo.
Saertex, moetsi oa masela a kopantsoeng a thehiloeng Jeremane, o fana ka sistimi ea lisebelisoa tsa LEO® bakeng sa fatše.Daniel Stumpp, hlooho ea lefats'e ea papatso ho Saertex Group, o itse LEO ke lesela le sarolohang, le sa qhekelloang le fanang ka thepa e phahameng ea mochini le bokhoni bo bobebe ho feta masela a lohiloeng.Sistimi e nang le likarolo tse 'ne e kenyelletsa liphahlo tse khethehileng tse thibelang mollo, lisebelisoa tse matlafalitsoeng tsa fiberglass, SAERfoam®(thepa ea mantlha e nang le marokho a kopaneng a 3D-fiberglass), le li-resin tsa LEO vinyl ester.
SMT (hape e thehiloe Jeremane), moetsi oa thepa e kopaneng, o thehile fatše ka mokhoa oa ho tlatsa sekheo o sebelisa mekotla e ka sebelisoang hape ea silicon e entsoeng ke Alan Harper, k'hamphani ea Borithane."Re bolokile karolo ea 50 lekholong ea boima ba plywood e fetileng," ho boletse Stumpp."Sistimi ea LEO e thehiloe holim'a li-fiber laminates tse tsoelang pele tse nang le tsamaiso ea resin e sa tlatsoang e nang le thepa e babatsehang ea mechine ... . Ho phaella moo, motsoako ha o bole, e leng molemo o moholo, haholo-holo libakeng tseo lehloa le nang le tsona mariha le fatše ho metsi."Mokato, k'hapete e ka holimo le thepa ea rabara kaofela li finyella litekanyetso tse ncha tse thibelang lelakabe.
SMT e hlahisitse liphanele tse fetang lisekoere-mithara tse 32,000, tse kentsoeng hoo e ka bang karolo ea boraro ea literene tse robeli tsa ICE-3 ho fihlela joale.Nakong ea ts'ebetso ea ho nchafatsa, boholo ba phanele ka 'ngoe bo ntse bo ntlafatsoa hore bo lekane koloi e itseng.OEM ea ICE-3 sedan e ne e khahliloe haholo ke mokato o mocha o kopantsoeng hoo e laetseng marulelo a kopantsoeng hore a nke sebaka sa mohaho oa khale oa marulelo a tšepe likoloing tsa terene.
Tsoela pele
Proterra, moqapi oa California le moetsi oa libese tsa motlakase tsa zero-emission, o 'nile a sebelisa lisebelisoa tse kopantsoeng' meleng oa eona kaofela ho tloha 2009. Ka 2017, khampani e ile ea beha tlaleho ka ho khanna lik'hilomithara tse 1,100 ho Catalyst ea eona ea betri. ®E2 bese.Bese eo e na le 'mele o bobebe o entsoeng ke moetsi oa motsoako oa TPI Composite.
* Haufinyane tjena, TPI e sebelisane le Proterra ho hlahisa bese e kopaneng ea motlakase e kopantsoeng kaofela."Ka beseng kapa terakeng e tloaelehileng, ho na le chassis, 'me' mele o lula holim'a chassis eo," ho hlalosa Todd Altman, mookameli oa Strategic marketing TPI.Ka moralo o thata oa bese, re kopanya chassis le 'mele hammoho, ho tšoana le moralo oa koloi e le 'ngoe." Sebopeho se le seng se sebetsa hantle ho feta meaho e 'meli e arohaneng ho fihlela litlhoko tsa ts'ebetso.
'Mele oa khetla e le 'ngoe oa Proterra o hahiloe ka sepheo, o entsoe ho tloha qalong ho ba koloi ea motlakase.Ke phapang ea bohlokoa, Altman o itse, hobane boiphihlelo ba baetsi ba likoloi le baetsi ba libese tsa motlakase e bile ho leka liteko tse fokolang tsa ho fetola meralo ea bona ea setso ea lienjineri tse tukang ka hare ho likoloi tsa motlakase."Ba nka liforomo tse teng 'me ba leka ho paka libeteri tse ngata kamoo ho ka khonehang. Ha e fane ka tharollo e molemo ka ho fetisisa ho tloha sebakeng leha e le sefe sa pono.""Altman o itse.
Libese tse ngata tsa motlakase, mohlala, li na le libeteri ka morao kapa ka holim'a koloi.Empa bakeng sa Proterra, TPI e khona ho kenya betri ka tlas'a bese."Haeba u eketsa boima bo bongata mohahong oa koloi, u batla hore boima boo bo be bobebe ka hohle kamoo ho ka khonehang, ho tloha ponong ea ts'ebetso le ho tloha sebakeng sa polokeho," ho boletse Altman.O hlokometse hore bahlahisi ba bangata ba libese le likoloi tsa motlakase joale ba khutlela mokhoeng oa ho taka ho etsa meralo e sebetsang hantle le e lebisitsoeng ho likoloi tsa bona.
TPI e kene tumellanong ya dilemo tse hlano le Proterra ya ho hlahisa dihlopha tsa dibese tse kopaneng tse 3,350 meahong ya TPI e Iowa le Rhode Island.
Ho hlokahala ho Customize
Ho theha sehlopha sa libese tsa Catalyst ho hloka hore TPI le Proterra li lule li leka-lekanya matla le bofokoli ba lisebelisoa tsohle tse fapaneng e le hore li ka finyella lipakane tsa litšenyehelo ha li ntse li finyella ts'ebetso e nepahetseng.Altman o hlokometse hore phihlelo ea TPI ea ho hlahisa likhahla tse kholo tsa moea tse ka bang bolelele ba limithara tse 200 le boima ba lik'hilograma tse 25,000 li etsa hore ho be bonolo ho bona ho hlahisa 'mele oa libese tsa maoto a 40 tse boima ba pakeng tsa 6,000 le 10,000 pounds.
TPI e khona ho fumana matla a hlokahalang a sebopeho ka ho khetha ho sebelisa carbon fiber le ho e boloka ho matlafatsa libaka tse jereng mojaro o moholo ka ho fetisisa."Re sebelisa carbon fiber moo o ka rekang koloi," ho boletse Altman.Ka kakaretso, fiber ea carbon e etsa karolo e ka tlaase ho 10 lekholong ea lisebelisoa tse matlafatsang tsa 'mele, tse ling ke fiberglass.
TPI e khethile vinyl ester resin ka lebaka le tšoanang."Ha re sheba li-epoxies, li ntle haholo, empa ha u li phekola, u tlameha ho phahamisa mocheso, kahoo u tlameha ho futhumatsa hlobo. Ke litšenyehelo tse eketsehileng, "o ile a tsoela pele.
Khampani e sebelisa vacuum-assisted resin transfer molding (VARTM) ho hlahisa meaho ea sandwich e nang le likarolo tse fanang ka boima bo hlokahalang ho khetla e le 'ngoe.Nakong ea ts'ebetso ea tlhahiso, lisebelisoa tse ling tsa tšepe (tse kang li-fittings le lipoleiti tsa ho tlanya) li kenngoa 'meleng.Bese e arotsoe ka likarolo tse ka holimo le tse ka tlaase, ebe li kopanngoa hammoho.Hamorao basebetsi ba tlameha ho eketsa mekhabiso e menyenyane e nang le metsoako e kang fairings, empa palo ea likarolo ke karoloana ea bese ea tšepe.
Ka mor'a ho romela 'mele o phethiloeng ho fektheri ea tlhahiso ea libese ea Proterra, mohala oa tlhahiso o phalla ka potlako hobane ho na le mosebetsi o monyenyane o lokelang ho etsoa."Ha baa tlameha ho etsa litšepe tsohle, ho sila le ho etsa tlhahiso, 'me ba na le sebopeho se bonolo haholo sa ho hokahanya' mele le drivetrain," Altman a eketsa.Proterra e boloka nako mme e fokotsa holimo hobane sebaka se senyenyane sa tlhahiso sea hlokahala bakeng sa khetla ea monocotic.
Altman o lumela hore tlhoko ea lihlopha tsa libese tse kopaneng e tla tsoela pele ho hola ha litoropo li fetohela libese tsa motlakase ho fokotsa tšilafalo le ho fokotsa litšenyehelo.Ho ea ka Proterra, likoloi tsa motlakase oa betri li na le litšenyehelo tse tlase haholo tsa nako ea ho sebetsa (lilemo tse 12) ha li bapisoa le diesel, khase ea tlhaho e hatelitsoeng kapa libese tsa diesel hybrid.E ka 'na ea e-ba lebaka le leng leo ka lona Proterra a reng thekiso ea libese tsa motlakase tse tsamaeang ka betri joale e etsa karolo ea 10% ea 'maraka oa lipalangoang kaofela.
Ho ntse ho na le litšitiso tse ling tsa ts'ebeliso e pharaletseng ea lisebelisoa tse kopaneng 'meleng oa libese tsa motlakase.E 'ngoe ke ho ikhethela litlhoko tse fapaneng tsa bareki ba libese."Bolaoli bo bong le bo bong ba lipalangoang bo rata ho fumana libese ka tsela e fapaneng -- tlhophiso ea litulo, ho buloa ha hatch. Ke phephetso e kholo ho baetsi ba libese, 'me bongata ba lintho tseo tsa tlhophiso li ka ea ho rona.""Altman o itse. "Baetsi ba 'mele ba kopantsoeng ba batla ho ba le mohaho o tloaelehileng, empa haeba moreki e mong le e mong a batla boemo bo phahameng ba ho iketsetsa, ho tla ba thata ho etsa joalo." TPI e tsoela pele ho sebetsa le Proterra ho ntlafatsa moralo oa libese ho laola hantle. ho tenyetseha ho hlokehang ke bareki ba ho qetela.
Lekola monyetla oo
Li-Composites li ntse li tsoela pele ho lekola hore na lisebelisoa tsa eona li loketse lits'ebetso tse ncha tsa lipalangoang tsa batho ba bangata.UK, ELG Carbon Fibre, e sebetsanang le mahlale a morao-rao le ho sebelisa carbon fiber hape, e etella pele sehlopha sa lik'hamphani tse hlahisang lisebelisoa tse bobebe tse kopaneng bakeng sa likoloi tsa likoloi tsa baeti.Bogie e tšehetsa 'mele oa koloi, e tataisa wheelset le ho boloka botsitso ba eona.Li thusa ho ntlafatsa boiketlo ba ho palama ka ho monya ho thothomela ha seporo le ho fokotsa matla a centrifugal ha terene e thinya.
Sepheo se seng sa morero ke ho hlahisa litšepe tse bobebe ka karolo ea 50 lekholong ho feta tse tšoanang le tsa tšepe."Haeba bogie e le bobebe, e tla baka tšenyo e fokolang tseleng, 'me hobane mojaro oa pina o tla fokotseha, nako ea tlhokomelo le litšenyehelo tsa tlhokomelo li ka fokotsoa," ho bolela Camille Seurat, moenjiniere oa ntlafatso ea lihlahisoa tsa ELG.Maikemisetso a tlatsetso ke ho fokotsa matla a mabili a tlohang ho ea ho seporo ka 40% le ho fana ka tlhokomelo ea bophelo bohle.Boto ea Boto ea Terene e sa etseng phaello ea UK (RSSB) e tšehetsa morero ona ka lichelete ka sepheo sa ho hlahisa sehlahisoa se ka iphelisang khoebong.
Liteko tse ngata tsa tlhahiso li entsoe 'me ho entsoe liphanele tse ngata tsa liteko ho sebelisoa li-prepregs tse tsoang ho "die pressing", mokhoa o tloaelehileng oa ho robala, perfusion le autoclave.Hobane tlhahiso ea bogi e ne e tla fokola, k'hamphani e ile ea khetha epoxy prepreg e phekotsoeng ka har'a li-autoclaves e le mokhoa o theko e boima ka ho fetisisa oa kaho.
Mohlala o felletseng oa bogie o bolelele ba limithara tse 8.8, bophara ba limithara tse 6.7 le bophahamo ba limithara tse 2,8.E entsoe ka motsoako oa carbon fiber (li-pads tse sa lohoeng tse fanoeng ke ELG) le lesela le tala la carbon fiber.Likhoele tsa tsela e le 'ngoe li tla sebelisoa bakeng sa ntho e ka sehloohong ea matla 'me li tla behoa ka har'a hlobo ho sebelisoa theknoloji ea robotiki.Ho tla khethoa epoxy e nang le thepa e ntle ea mochini, e tla ba epoxy e sa tsoa etsoa e thibelang malakabe e tiisitsoeng EN45545-2 hore e sebelisoe liporong.
Ho fapana le litšepe tsa tšepe, tse cheselitsoeng ho tloha mabaleng a litsamaiso ho ea mabaleng a mabeli a mahlakoreng, litšepe tse entsoeng ka metsoako li tla hahoa ka litlhōrō le bokatlase tse sa tšoaneng tse kopanngoang hammoho.Ho nka sebaka sa li-bogies tsa tšepe tse teng, mofuta o kopantsoeng o tla tlameha ho kopanya li-brackets tsa ho emisa le tsa brake le lisebelisoa tse ling sebakeng se le seng."Hona joale, re khethile ho boloka lisebelisoa tsa tšepe, empa bakeng sa merero e meng, ho ka 'na ha e-ba monate ho nkela lisebelisoa tsa tšepe sebaka ka lisebelisoa tsa mefuta e mengata e le hore re ka fokotsa boima ba ho qetela," Seurat o itse.
Setho sa consortium sa Sehlopha sa Sensors le Composites Univesithing ea Birmingham se okametse nts'etsopele ea sensor, e tla kopanngoa le bogie e kopantsoeng sethaleng sa tlhahiso."Li-sensor tse ngata li tla shebana le ho beha leihlo khatello ea maikutlo libakeng tse sa bonahaleng, ha tse ling e le tsa ho utloa mocheso," ho boletse Seurat.Li-sensor li tla lumella tlhahlobo ea nako ea 'nete ea sebopeho se kopaneng, ho lumella data ea boima ba bophelo bohle ho bokelloa.Sena se tla fana ka tlhahisoleseling ea bohlokoa mabapi le mojaro o phahameng le mokhathala oa nako e telele.
Liphuputso tsa pele li bontša hore li-bogies tse kopantsoeng li lokela ho khona ho fokotsa boima ba 'mele ka 50%.Sehlopha sa morero se na le tšepo ea ho ba le bogie e kholo e loketseng ho hlahlojoa bohareng ba 2019.Haeba prototype e sebetsa kamoo ho lebelletsoeng, ba tla hlahisa li-bogies tse ngata ho leka literempe tse entsoeng ke Alstom, k'hamphani ea lipalangoang tsa terene.
Ho ea ka Seurat, le hoja ho sa ntse ho e-na le mosebetsi o mongata o lokelang ho etsoa, matšoao a pele a bontša hore ho ka khoneha ho haha bogie e entsoeng ka khoebo e ka qothisanang lehlokoa le tšepe ka theko le matla."Joale ke nahana hore ho na le likhetho tse ngata le likopo tse ka bang teng bakeng sa li-composites indastering ea literene," a eketsa.(Sengoloa se hatisitsoeng ho tsoa ho Carbon Fiber le Theknoloji ea Eona e Kopanetsoeng ke Dr. Qian Xin).
Nako ea poso: Mar-07-2023